Tuesday, July 26, 2022

Al Was Worth Plenty For The Twins In 1965, Part 1

Al Worthington arrived in the bigs in 1953, only to find himself on the New York Giants. The Giants had some pitcher named Marv Grissom. I touched on how good Grissom was here and here.

Worthington graduated from the University of Alabama, having played both baseball and football. Football was quit on by Al in his second year. But baseball was the pitcher's true calling.

And the big leagues would call not long after his time in Albama. Baseball was just in Worthington's blood. His two older brothers played in the minors leagues before him. Al's time in the minor leagues was not that long.

So Nashville, who were affiliated with the Chicago Cubs, signed him. This was in 1951. Al's first season in the Southern League ("AA" level) went no-so-good. While his earned run average was 4.57, Worthington allowed more than eight runs per nine innings in twenty-three outing. But the next season was better. His record went from 7-10 to 13-13. In  41 games (30 starts) his ERA was 3.54. One thing to note: The Nashville Volunteers were now affiliated with the New York Giants, meaning Al Worthington could someday pitch with Willie Mays behind him!

All this led to an advancement in 1953. To "AAA" ball. Pitching for the Minneapolis Millers of the American Association. And Al was not there very long. It seemed like the young pitcher was too good for the "AAA" level. Worthington's ERA was with a 2.90 ERA , and his win-loss record was  9-5 come July. That's when the Giants came calling!

New York had an impressive pitching staff that year. But the rookie didn't look out of place. Al Worthington's win-loss record was only 4-8, but look at that earned run average, 3.44. However, I'm sure any thoughts about being a closer never crossed his mind. The Giants had someone named Hoyt Wilhelm there. And Marv Grissom would have had something to say, as well.

A little bit of minor league experience was needed for the new pitcher. Al Worthington impressed back with Minneapolis in 1954. He won eleven games and was called up for ten appearances with the parent club. New York really didn't need him that year. They swept Cleveland in the World Series.

How about 1955? With Minneapolis, Al won nineteen games, really showing his potential. So the next year, and through 1959, Worthington pitched in one league, that being the National. Still being used as a starter, Al was only 7-14 in 1956, but improved to nearly .500 (8-11) the next. He only started a dozen games, but ended up making fifty-five appearances. The Giants, meanwhile, were about to leave New York behind, as their new home for 1958 was San Francisco.

Al must have liked the move. Pretty much it was the same situation for him as it had been the previous season: Only a spot starter, but plenty of bullpen action! The result was a career-high eleven wins. Al started twelve games. He totaled 54 appearances. Worthington also ended up with six saves, indicative of a possible future job as a closer. 

But that season just made 1959 all the more disappointing for Al. Despite making 42 appearances (Just three starts), his win total fell to just two and Worthington saved only three games. Just prior to the next season, he was dealt to Boston for Jim Marshall. Al was with the Red Sox for just ten games, and his earned run average was 7.71. It was not long into the season that it was back to the minors for Worthington. Amazingly enough, he was back on the Minneapolis Millers. The Millers were now the top minor league team of the Boston Red Sox (They'd switched affiliations after the Giants moved to San Francisco). It seemed as if Al Worthington was ready to come back to the bigs. His numbers for the Millers were amazing. In 37 appearances, 11 of which were starts, Worthington won 11 and posted an ERA of just 2.04. Alas, there was no return to Boston.

Come late August, he switched Sox. Worthington pitched well for Chicago (Who had purchased his contract). Although only able to make four appearances with the White Sox, Al finished three of them. He'd found his calling, but was actually forced to spend the next two seasons in the minor leagues.

He'd made the mistake of leaving the Chicago White Sox in September, because he did not like what he was seeing on the big-league team (Worthington felt that there was some underhanded tactics being used by the Pale Hose). Off the field, Al was looking beyond his playing days. Come the Autumn of 1960, he actually went back to school. Worthington enrolled at Howard College.

As if to punish Worthington, Chicago made sure Al was not a part of their future plans. Sure, he was still with the White Sox organization, but not where he'd wanna be. Worthington pitched well the next two seasons (1960, 1961), but the big league club showed little interest in him.

With Chicago's top minor league team in 1960, San Diego (Pacific Coast League), Al Worthington was 9-10, but his earned run average was good. Among those "only" nine wins was a no-hitter (And that was part of three straight shutouts for Al). That ERA was even better the next season. A change of scenery to help. Although Indianapolis was actually down a level from the Pacific Coast League, Al Worthington pitched well in the American Association. Sure, "AA" level might be seen as further down the rung, but there was no way Worthington's 15-4 record wasn't gonna get some notice. . The expansion New York Mets were believed to be the team most interested. They needed pitching after going 40-120 in 1962.

But it ended up that the Cincinnati Reds got Al Worthington. The Reds had a bright future ahead of them, as they had some rookie in 1963 named Pete Rose. Worthington helped 'em. Although only 4-4 with an earned run average of 2.99. The Reds already had a closer, Bill Henry. Henry had saved eleven games in 1962, but had a high ERA. It was the same story in 1963, as Henry saved fourteen games but had a high earned run average. This led Cincinnati to use Al Worthington in the closer role more often than under different circumstances. While Bill Henry saved fourteen games, Worthington had ten of his own.

Al could have conceivably have remained with Cincinnati the rest of his career. However, Bill Henry got his act together in 1964. For the year, Henry had an earned run average of an incredible 0.87. Meanwhile, Al Worthington struggled. In his first six appearances that season, Al had a win, but an ERA over ten. So, it was back to the minor leagues for Worthington.

But it was a familiar place for the reliever. Al was back in San Diego. Same league, same level, same team as in 1961. Obviously, they were no longer part of the Chicago White Sox infrastructure. In only ten games there, Al proved he didn't belong at the "AAA" level. Although just two of his appearances with the Padres were starts, Worthington went 4-1 with a 3.18 ERA.

You'd think that Cincinnati would call Worthington back up. It was a strange year for them. And Philadelphia. And St. Louis. The Phillies seemed to be running away with the pennant late in the season, but on came the Reds and Cardinals. Even the San Francisco Giants were still in the hunt well into September.

But long before all that, Cincinnati acquired veteran pitcher Ryne Duren. Duren, a flame thrower who once was the New York Yankees closer in 1958 and '59, came to the Reds in May. Though he'd battled the bottle through out his career, Duren pitched well for Cincinnati. Although 0-2 in 1964, Ryne finished the year with a 2.89 earned run average.

Suddenly, there was no need for our boy. Cincinnati had Bill Henry, Ryne Duren. Their other relievers Included Sam Ellis, who won ten games with a low ERA, and Billy McCool (6-5, 2.42 earned run average). Plus, they had a stellar starting rotation of Joey Jay, Jim Maloney, Jim O'Toole and Bob Purkey. All had pitched on the Cincinnati team that won the pennant three years earlier. The Reds ultimately finished 1964 just a game back of the St. Louis Cardinals, winning 92 contests.

But Al Worthington wasn't around for that. In fact, he was no longer in the National League by season's end. Instead, he was with the Minnesota Twins of the American League. Don't feel too bad for him. The Twins won 79 games, and seemed poised to be better than that in the coming years. Their pitching staff included Jim Kaat, Camilio Pascual and Mudcat Grant.

And, now would be a good time to tell you that Minny's closer that year was a recent acquisition. Al Worthington must have loved the Twin Cities. All he did was win five games, save fourteen others, and post an earned run average of 1.37. All this in only 41 games. Let me tell you this, the Twins believed in him as the closer over an impressive crop of relievers: Gerry Arrigo, Jim Perry (Gaylord's older brother), Johnny Klippstein and Bill Pleis!

So come 1965, Minnesota put all that great pitching and hitting to good use. Hitters like Tony Oliva, Bob Allison, Harmon Killebrew, Don Mincher, Jimmie Hall and AL MVP Zoilo Versalles.

Okay, all that was great, but the team's starting rotation seemed to not quite deliver. Camilio Pascual won just nine games. Jimmy Perry won only a dozen. Jim Kaat won 18, and Mudcat Grant topped 'em all with 21.

But the reason the starters had low win totals (Despite the teams' 102 victories in 1965) was the bullpen was trusted with the duty when the going got tough. And they sure came through. Al Worthington won ten games, Johhny Klippstein nine. Bill Pleis and Dick Stigman won four games each, Jerry Fosnow won three.

The Twins' spot starters were also pretty good. Jim Merritt won four games and Dave Boswell won six. Both pitchers had earned run averages below 3.50, so at the very least, they were keeping the team in the game when they started. 

But Al Worthington found a way to stick out on this Minnesota Twins. Maybe it was because of all the years he'd pitch in the minor leagues in Minneapolis. He made the most appearances of any Minny reliever (62). Klippstein appeared in 56. Worthington also finished 38 of his appearances. No other relief pitcher on the Twins finished more than 24 games.

Now, the bad part of Al's ten wins is he also lost seven games. Johhny Klippstein had a better winning percentage (.750) as he lost just three games. But Worthington and Klippy were the two big guns of the Twins' bullpen in 1965.

Worthington tossed 80 1/3 innings for Minnesota in '65, and Klippstein had 76 1/3. The rest of the bullpen, aside from Dick Stigman (70 IP) did not register anywhere near as many innings as the two big aces. But, and it's very impressive, no exclusive reliever on the Twins that season had a losing record.



Greatest Relief Seasons of All-Time Stat Set 1


Pitcher Year GP GF GF% IP W L
               
Bernhard 1899 21 9 0.429 132.1 6 6
               
Pitcher Year GP GF GF% IP W L
               
Walsh 1904 18 10 0.556 110.2 6 3
               
Griffith 1905 25 17 0.680 101.2 9 6
               
Ferguson 1906 22 19 0.864 52.1 2 0
               
Keefe 1907 19 14 0.737 57.2 3 5
               
Chappelle 1908 13 6 0.462 70.1 2 4
               
Leever 1909 19 12 0.632 70.0 8 1
               
Dygert 1909 32 13 0.406 137.1 9 5
               
Pitcher Year GP GF GF% IP W L
               
Phillipe 1910 31 19 0.613 121.2 14 2
               
Benz 1911 12 4 0.333 55.2 3 2
               
Baskette 1912 29 18 0.621 116.0 8 4
               
Crandall 1913 35 27 0.771 97.2 4 4
               
Wolfgang 1914 24 12 0.500 119.1 9 5
               
Bressler 1914 29 15 0.517 147.2 10 4
               
Conzelman 1914 33 16 0.485 101.0 5 6
               
Mays 1915 38 27 0.711 131.2 6 5
               
Hughes 1916 40 19 0.475 161.0 16 3
               
Danforth 1917 50 26 0.520 173.0 11 6
               
Bender 1917 20 9 0.450 113.0 8 2
               
Coumbe 1917 34 15 0.441 134.1 8 6
               
Dubuc 1919 36 22 0.611 132.0 6 4
               
Luque 1919 30 9 0.300 106.0 10 3
               
Pitcher Year GP GF GF% IP W L
               
S. Smith 1920 33 16 0.485 136.1 11 9
               
Morton 1921 30 15 0.500 107.2 8 3
               
Baumgartner 1925 37 9 0.243 113.1 6 3
               
Marberry 1926 64 47 0.734 138.0 12 7
               
Clark 1927 27 19 0.704 73.2 7 2
               
Haid 1928 27 14 0.519 47.0 2 2
               
Rommel 1929 32 15 0.469 113.2 12 2
               
Pitcher Year GP GF GF% IP W L
               
Lindsey 1931 35 19 0.543 74.2 6 4
               
Quinn 1932 39 29 0.744 64.1 5 4
               
Russell 1933 50 31 0.620 124.0 12 6
               
Malone 1936 35 25 0.714 134.2 12 4
               
Brown 1938 51 32 0.627 132.2 15 9
               
Pitcher Year GP GF GF% IP W L
               
Beggs 1940 37 27 0.730 76.2 12 3
               
Murphy 1941 35 31 0.886 77.1 8 3
               
Adams 1943 70 52 0.743 140.1 11 7
               
Heving 1944 63 38 0.603 119.2 8 3
               
Maltzberger 1944 46 41 0.891 91.1 10 5
               
Berry 1944 53 47 0.887 111.1 10 8
               
Karl 1945 67 41 0.612 180.2 8 8
               
Christopher 1947 44 38 0.864 80.2 10 7
               
Wilks 1948 57 27 0.474 130.2 6 6
               
Page 1949 60 48 0.800 135.1 13 8
               
Pitcher Year GP GF GF% IP W L
               
Konstanty 1950 74 62 0.838 152.0 16 7
               
Aloma 1951 25 11 0.440 69.1 6 0
               
Wilhelm 1952 71 32 0.451 159.1 15 3
               
Paige 1952 46 35 0.761 138.0 12 10
               
Kinder 1953 69 52 0.754 107.0 10 6
               
Mossi 1954 40 18 0.450 93.0 6 1
               
Sain 1954 45 39 0.867 77.0 6 6
               
Grissom 1954 56 36 0.643 122.1 10 7
               
Pitcher Year GP GF GF% IP W L
               
Narleski 1955 60 36 0.600 111.2 9 1
               
Craig 1955 24 4 0.167 90.2 5 3
               
Freeman 1956 64 47 0.734 108.2 14 5
               
Farrell 1957 52 32 0.615 83.1 10 2
               
Zuverink 1957 56 37 0.661 112.2 10 6
               
Hyde 1958 53 44 0.830 103.0 10 3
               
Duren 1959 41 29 0.707 76.2 3 6
               
Staley 1959 67 37 0.552 116.1 8 5
               
Face 1959 57 47 0.825 93.1 18 1
               
Henry 1959 65 36 0.554 134.1 9 8
               
Sherry 1959 23 10 0.435 94.1 7 2
               
Pitcher Year GP GF GF% IP W L
               
Brosnan 1960 57 27 0.474 99.0 7 2
               
McDaniel 1960 63 47 0.746 104.1 12 4
               
Arroyo 1961 65 54 0.831 119.0 15 5
               
Fox 1961 39 25 0.641 57.1 5 2
               
Radatz 1963 66 58 0.879 131.1 15 6
               
Perranoski 1963 69 47 0.681 129.0 16 3
               
Baldschum 1963 65 44 0.677 112.0 11 7
               
Lee 1964 64 39 0.609 137.0 6 5
               
Ellis 1964 52 32 0.615 122.1 10 3
               
Schultz 1964 30 22 0.733 49.1 1 3
               
D. Hall 1964 45 28 0.622 87.2 9 1
               
Pitcher Year GP GF GF% IP W L
               
Miller 1965 67 55 0.821 112.1 14 7
               
Worthington 1965 65 38 0.585 80.1 10 7
               
Regan 1966 65 48 0.738 116.2 14 1
               
Drabowsky 1967 43 26 0.605 95.1 7 5
               
Abernathy 1967 70 61 0.871 106.1 6 3
               
Wyatt 1967 60 43 0.717 93.1 10 7
               
Wood 1968 88 46 0.523 159.0 13 12
               
Segui 1968 52 24 0.462 83.0 6 5
               
V. Romo 1968 41 30 0.732 84.1 5 3
               
Tatum 1969 45 33 0.733 86.1 7 2
               
Watt 1969 56 41 0.732 71.0 5 2
               
Pitcher Year GP GF GF% IP W L
               
Williams 1970 68 36 0.529 113.1 10 1
               
McMahon 1970 61 44 0.721 94.1 9 5
               
Grant 1970 80 54 0.675 135.1 8 3
               
Richert 1970 50 25 0.500 54.2 7 2
               
Sanders 1971 83 77 0.928 136.1 7 12
               
Carroll 1971 61 40 0.656 93.2 10 4
               
Giusti 1972 54 44 0.815 74.2 7 4
               
Knowles 1972 54 29 0.537 65.2 5 1
               
Brewer 1972 51 41 0.804 78.1 8 7
               
Hiller 1973 65 60 0.923 125.1 10 5
               
Jackson 1973 43 33 0.767 80.1 8 0
               
Borbon 1973 80 36 0.450 121.0 11 4
               
Beene 1973 19 11 0.579 91.0 6 0
               
Marshall 1974 106 83 0.783 208.1 15 12
               
Gossage 1975 62 49 0.790 141.2 9 8
               
Hrabosky 1975 65 41 0.631 97.1 13 3
               
McEnaney 1975 70 38 0.543 91.0 5 3
               
Pitcher Year GP GF GF% IP W L
               
Eastwick 1976 71 59 0.831 107.2 11 5
               
Johnson 1977 71 54 0.761 146.2 16 7
               
Lyle 1977 72 60 0.833 137.0 13 5
               
Sutter 1977 62 48 0.774 107.1 7 3
               
Blair 1978 70 56 0.800 100.1 7 6
               
Stanley 1978 52 35 0.673 141.2 15 2
               
Lolich 1978 20 7 0.350 34.2 2 1
               
Tekulve 1979 94 67 0.713 134.1 10 8
               
Lopez 1979 61 49 0.803 127.0 10 5
               
R. Davis 1979 44 21 0.477 85.1 14 2
               
E. Romo 1979 84 25 0.298 129.1 10 5
               
Monge 1979 76 53 0.697 131.0 12 10
               
Sosa 1979 62 41 0.661 96.2 8 7
               
Palmer 1979 36 13 0.361 122.2 10 2
               
Pitcher Year GP GF GF% IP W L
               
McGraw 1980 57 48 0.842 92.1 5 4
               
Garvin 1980 61 24 0.393 82.2 4 7
               
Fingers 1981 47 41 0.872 78.0 6 3
               
Caudill 1982 70 64 0.914 95.2 12 9
               
Reardon 1982 75 53 0.707 109.0 7 4
               
Bedrosian 1982 64 30 0.469 137.2 8 6
               
L. Smith 1983 66 56 0.848 103.1 4 10
               
Stewart 1983 54 25 0.463 135.0 10 4
               
Quisenberry 1983 69 62 0.899 139.0 5 3
               
Orosco 1983 62 42 0.677 110.0 13 7
               
Hernandez 1984 80 68 0.850 140.1 9 3
               
Lamp 1985 53 11 0.208 105.2 11 0
               
D. Smith 1985 64 46 0.719 79.1 9 5
               
Lahti 1985 52 31 0.596 68.1 5 2
               
Moore 1985 65 57 0.877 103.0 8 8
               
Pitcher Year GP GF GF% IP W L
               
Eichhorn 1986 69 38 0.551 157.0 14 6
               
Righetti 1986 74 68 0.919 106.2 8 8
               
Todd Worrell 1986 74 60 0.811 103.2 9 10
               
Henke 1987 72 62 0.861 94.0 0 6
               
Burke 1987 55 30 0.545 91.0 7 0
               
Daley 1987 53 29 0.547 61.0 9 5
               
Henneman 1988 65 51 0.785 91.1 9 6
               
Parrett 1988 61 34 0.557 91.2 12 4
               
Pena 1988 60 31 0.517 94.1 6 7
               
Lancaster 1989 42 15 0.357 72.2 4 2
               
Russell 1989 71 66 0.930 72.2 6 4
               
McDowell 1989 69 56 0.812 92.0 4 8
               
Pitcher Year GP GF GF% IP W L
               
Eckersley 1990 63 61 0.968 73.1 4 2
               
Thigpen 1990 77 73 0.948 88.2 4 6
               
Nelson 1990 51 17 0.333 74.2 3 3
               
Dibble 1990 68 29 0.426 98.0 8 3
               
Henry 1991 32 25 0.781 36.0 2 1
               
Aguilera 1991 63 60 0.952 69.0 4 5
               
Ward 1992 79 35 0.443 101.1 7 4
               
Rojas 1992 68 26 0.382 100.2 7 1
               
Olin 1992 72 62 0.861 88.1 8 5
               
D. Jones 1992 80 70 0.875 111.2 11 8
               
Wetteland 1993 70 58 0.829 85.1 9 3
               
Harvey 1993 59 54 0.915 69.0 1 5
               
Beck 1993 76 71 0.934 79.1 3 1
               
Martinez 1993 65 20 0.308 107.0 10 5
               
Pitcher Year GP GF GF% IP W L
               
Myers 1997 61 57 0.934 59.2 2 3
               
Hoffman 1998 66 61 0.924 73.0 4 2
               
Urbina 1998 64 59 0.922 69.1 6 3
               
Williamson 1999 62 40 0.645 93.1 12 7
               
Pitcher Year GP GF GF% IP W L
               
Rhodes 2001 71 16 0.225 68.0 8 0
               
Smoltz 2003 62 55 0.887 64.1 0 2
               
Tim Worrell 2003 76 64 0.842 78.1 4 4
               
Cormier 2003 65 21 0.323 84.2 8 0
               
Lidge 2004 80 44 0.550 94.2 6 5
               
Timlin 2005 81 27 0.333 80.1 7 3
               
Nathan 2006 64 61 0.953 68.1 7 0
               
Ryan 2006 65 57 0.877 72.1 2 2
               
Putz 2007 68 65 0.956 71.2 6 1
               
Rivera 2008 64 60 0.938 70.2 6 5
               
Jenks 2008 57 52 0.912 61.2 3 1
               
Pitcher Year GP GF GF% IP W L
               
Bell 2010 67 57 0.851 70.0 6 1
               
Soriano 2010 64 56 0.875 62.1 3 2
               
Aceves 2011 55 15 0.273 114.0 10 2
               
Axford 2011 74 63 0.851 73.2 2 2
               
Downs 2011 60 10 0.167 53.2 6 3
               
Cook 2012 71 23 0.324 73.1 6 2
               
Chapman 2012 68 52 0.765 71.2 5 5
               
Johnson 2012 71 63 0.887 68.2 2 1
               
Smyly 2013 63 9 0.143 76.0 6 0
               
Davis 2014 70 11 0.157 72.0 9 2
               
Clippard 2014 75 6 0.080 70.1 7 4
               
Rondon 2015 72 47 0.653 70.0 6 4
               
O'Day 2015 68 19 0.279 65.1 6 2
               
Pitcher Year GP GF GF% IP W L
               
Britton 2016 69 63 0.913 67.0 2 1
               
Osuna 2016 72 61 0.847 74.0 4 3
               
Brach 2016 71 16 0.225 79.0 10 4
               
Miller 2016 70 23 0.329 74.1 10 1
               
Robertson 2017 61 34 0.557 68.1 9 2
               
Jansen 2017 65 57 0.877 68.1 5 0
               
Albers 2017 63 23 0.365 61.0 7 2
               
Kimbrel 2017 51 67 0.761 69.0 5 0
               
Pitcher Year GP GF GF% IP W L
               
Morrow 2018 35 30 0.857 30.2 0 0
               
Trivino 2018 69 10 0.145 74.0 8 3
               
Treinen 2018 68 58 0.853 51.0 9 2
               
Jeffress 2018 73 24 0.329 76.2 8 1
               
Yarbrough 2018 38 3 0.079 147.1 16 6
               
Hader 2018 55 14 0.255 81.1 6 1
               
Strop 2018 60 20 0.333 59.2 6 1
               
Workman 2019 73 30 0.411 71.2 10 1
               
Robles 2019 71 51 0.718 72.2 5 1
               
Walden 2019 70 8 0.114 78.0 9 2
               
W.Smith 2019 63 52 0.825 65.1 6 0
               
Oberg 2019 49 18 0.367 56.0 6 1
               
Littell 2019 29 7 0.241 37.0 6 0
               
Whitlock 2021 46 11 0.239 73.1 8 4
               
Pitcher Year GP GF GF% IP W L


Notes



Hughes and Sherry Smith appeared as a starter thirteen times.


Baumgartner and Bernhard appeared as a starter twelve times.


Wolfgang and Baskette appeared as a starter eleven times.


Craig and Coumbe appeared as a starter ten times.


Danforth, Malone, Stewart, Sherry, Luque and Conzelman appeared as a starter nine times.


Phillipe and Walsh appeared as a starter eight times.


Morton and Griffith appeared as a starter seven times.


Paige, Mays, Chappelle, Rommell and Yarbrough appeared as a starter six times.


Marberry, Mossi, Lee, Ellis and Dubuc appeared as a starter five times.

Leever, Aceves and Beene appeared as a starter four times.


Russell, Stanley, Adams, Keefe, Bedrosian and Grissom appeared as a starter three times.


Brown, McDaniel, Wood, Crandall, Brosnan, Lindsey, Karl, Wilks, Martinez, Clark and Lolich appeared as a starter two times.


Beggs, Quinn, Narleski, McGraw, Aloma, Robles, Ferguson, Vincente Romo, and Trivino appeared once as a starter.


Maltzberger, Hyde, Konstanty, Duren, Brosnan, Tekulve and Henke all wore glasses.


References


Neft, David S., Richard M. Cohen, and Michael L. Neft. The Sports Encyclopedia: Baseball, 1992. 12th ed. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992. Print.


Nemec, David et all. 20th Century Baseball Chronicle: A Year-by-year History of Major League Baseball. Collector's Edition. Lincolnwood, Ill: Publications International, 1993. Print.

Nowlin, Bill. “Al Worthington.” Society for American Baseball Research, SABR, 23 Sept. 2021, https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/Al-Worthington/. 07 July, 2022.

Sports Reference LLC. Baseball-Reference.com - Major League Statistics and Information. https://www.baseball-reference.com/. 07 July, 2022.


Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, https://en.wikipedia.org/. 07 July, 2022.

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